MULTIPLE MALFORMAION SYNDROMES

* This category includes patients in whom one or more developmental anomalies of two or more systems have occurred, all of which are thought to be due to a common etiology.
* These may be caused by:
-> Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities
-> Teratogens
-> Intrauterine infections.


MALFORMATION COULD BE MAJOR/MINOR
- Severe
- Impair normal body function
- Require surgery for management
e.g. Duodenal artesian, Congenital heart defects and Meningomyelocele.
- The frequency of major malformations at birth is 2-3%
*** MINOR MALFORMATIONS ***
- Primarily of cosmetic significance
e.g small ear,ear tag,polydactyly.
- Serve as tools in the diagnosis of a multiple
malformation syndrome
E.g.. in Down syndrome 78% of the anomalies are minor